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Italy's proximity to North Africa is matched by deep historical, economic, and cultural ties to the region. This report explores how a renewed and strategic intensification of these relations could deliver mutual benefits for Italy and the five North African countries—Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Focusing on shared priorities such as migration governance, economic diversification, and energy innovation, the study draws on relevant case studies of past interstate cooperation to identify transferable lessons and strategies. By assessing their applicability to the current Italo-Saharan context, the report aims to outline concrete diplomatic and economic proposals that could support long-term regional prosperity and resilience—particularly in the context of an emerging multipolar world order.