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This report analyzes the impact of Chinese development assistance and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa’s health sector. As a major non-traditional donor, China offers an alternative to Western models through a hybrid approach of aid, trade, and investment. Initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and Health Silk Road have led to USD 1.6 billion in health-related investments (2000–2023), including hospital construction, vaccine delivery, and disease surveillance. However, challenges remain—such as limited transparency, institutional fragmentation, and misalignment with local health systems. To strengthen impact, the report recommends: aligning infrastructure with local health priorities (e.g., malaria, HIV), boosting local drug production, expanding training and knowledge transfer, and formalizing partnerships. Further steps include integrating efforts with Agenda 2063, enhancing HIV/TB and family planning services, and supporting local manufacturing and skills development to build sustainable, equitable health systems.