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This policy report, released by the Andalus Committee — Madrid Office, provides a comprehensive assessment of Spain’s evolving engagement with the Sahel amid shifting regional security and economic dynamics. It examines persistent challenges facing Sahelian states — including limited economic opportunities and the security vacuum following the withdrawal of French forces — and evaluates how Spain can position itself as a credible long-term partner. The report advances a framework that integrates economic development and security, highlighting initiatives such as Special Economic Zones (SEZs) as potential tools to foster stability, growth, and mutual benefit. By emphasising the importance of an economic–security nexus, the report argues that a balanced and coordinated approach can both strengthen Spain’s southern border security and support sustainable development outcomes across the Sahel region.